Trans-Boundary Water Disputes in Africa, Europe, and South Asia: A Comparative Analysis

This paper examines the nature of trans-boundary water disputes in Africa, Europe, and South Asia. It reveals how the hydro-hegemonic behaviours of Egypt, China, and India have shaped the discourse of disputes over the Nile, the Brahmaputra, and the Ganges, respectively. In addition, the analysis of the Danube, Teesta, and Tipaimukh disputes shows that water disputes tend to be protracted, and their resolution may require intervention by the international court, regional organization, or sub-state actors. The paper concludes with an emphasis on collaborative measures in resolving South Asian water disputes.